Glancing over the Quran in the Order the Prophet received it

Glancing over the Surahs of the Quran

The Quran, Muslims believe, is a divinely revealed book. The Prophet, under his supervision, arranged the Quran in the form in which we read it today. The arrangement is from the longest Surah to the shortest Surah. The exception is Surah Al-Fatiha, which has only seven Ayah and is the first Surah of the Quran.

God revealed the Surahs of the Quran in a manner different from the way they appear in the Quran. Surah loosely means chapter; Ayah means verse or sign, Ruku means section, and Surah with Sajda (prostration) Ayah means the Surah upon whose reading the believers should offer prostration.

Each Surah has a number of its appearances in the traditionally arranged Quran that we have. It has its Arabic name and its English translation also in parentheses.

The following Ayah requires prostration when read.

1. Surah Araf (7:206)

2. Surah Raad (13:15)

3. Surah An-Nahl (16:50)

4. Surah Isra (17:109)

5. Surah Maryam (19:58)

6. Surah Al-Hajj (22:18)

7. Surah al-Hajj (22:77) according to Imam Shafai

8. Surah al-Furqan (25:60)

9. Surah An-Naml (27:26)

10. Surah As-Sajdah (32:15)

11. Surah Saad ( 38:24)

12. Surah Fussilat (41:38)

13. Surah An-Najm (53:62)

14. Surah Inshiqaq (84:21)

15. Surah Al-Alaq (96:19)

According to the authority of Prophet Muhammad, Muslims believe that the Quran is a divine revelation in Arabic, sent to human beings through the Angel Gabriel, over a period of 23 years in the Arabian Peninsula. The period of revelation spans from 610 CE to 632 CE. The Quran has 6,236 verses, 114 surahs, and about 323,000 letters. Some 33,000 companions have verified and testified that the Quran, as compiled under the supervision and the approval of the one receiving it, is the same as they heard from him.

God revealed the Quran in a manner different from how it appears in the scripture that Muslims read. Sometimes, God revealed an entire Surah, and at other times, parts of the Surah in varying proportions.

However, we have arranged the Surah in chronological order based on its initial part.

We are publishing the most widely agreed-upon chronology of the most commonly agreed-upon revelations, accompanied by a brief introduction to the theme of each Surah.

1. Al-‘Alaq (The Germ-Cell) – Surah 96Place of Revelation: MakkahAl-‘Alaq, though the 96th chapter in the traditional arrangement of the Qur’an, was the very first revelation received by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It was revealed in Makkah and consists of one Ruku containing 19 Ayahs. The first five verses were revealed in the Cave of Hira, while the remaining fourteen were revealed later, as the Prophet prayed in the Ka‘bah.

This Surah establishes the foundation of faith by inviting humanity to build their lives, families, and societies upon divinely granted knowledge. It urges people to reflect on their own creation, emphasizing that accurate guidance comes only from divine revelation. By following it, human beings can discipline their rebellious instincts and live in harmony with God’s will.

2. Al-Qalam (The Pen) – Surah 68, place of Revelation: MakkahAl-Qalam was the second revelation and is the 68th Surah in the traditional Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of two Ruku and 52 Ayahs. Its title highlights the importance of writing, indicating that the preservation of divine revelation would no longer rely solely on memory, but also on the written word—secured for eternity.

The Surah reminds people that the Prophet’s message continues the long chain of divine revelations that have spanned history. Although revealed in Arabic, its message is intended for all humanity. It stresses the rational foundations of Qur’anic teachings and their relevance to society’s needs. It reassures the dependent and marginalized that a dignified life is possible when guided by divine principles.

It narrates the story of people blessed with a fruitful garden who, in their greed, refused to share with the needy. Their selfishness led to the loss of everything they owned, serving as a warning to society. The Surah also recalls the story of Prophet Jonah (Yunus), reminding believers not to despair but to persist in spreading goodness. In doing so, it lays the basis for a just society where everyone has access to sustenance.

3. Al-Muzzammil (The Enwrapped One) – Surah 73 Place of Revelation: Makkah

Al-Muzzammil, the third revelation, is the 73rd Surah of the Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of two Ruku and 20 Ayahs.

It calls upon the believers to anchor their lives in the Qur’an, making its recitation and reflection a vital part of their prayers. It reassures them that true strength and resilience come from reliance on the divine word conveyed through the Prophet ﷺ.

4. Al-Muddathir (The Enfolded One) – Surah 74 Place of Revelation: Makkah

Al-Muddathir was the fourth revelation and is the 74th Surah in the traditional arrangement. Revealed in Makkah, it contains two Ruku and 56 Ayahs.

This chapter focuses on the methods of sharing the faith (dawah). It calls upon believers to identify and confront the moral and social evils plaguing society. At the same time, it warns that those who stubbornly deny the truth will face inevitable consequences.

5. Al-Fatiha (The Opening) – Surah 1, Place of Revelation: MakkahAl-Fatiha, the fifth revelation, holds the honored position of being the very first Surah in the Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of seven Ayahs and is known by several names.

It summarizes the core of divine guidance, presenting the principles of faith in a concise form. It urges gratitude to God, reliance on Him for assistance, and constant awareness of the Day of Judgment. It also warns that straying from the straight path leads to misguidance and self-destruction.

6. Al-Lahab (The Twisted Strands) – Surah 111, Place of Revelation: Makkah

The sixth revelation was Surah Al-Lahab, also known as Al-Masad. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of five Ayahs and is the 111th Surah in the Qur’an.

This Surah names Abu Lahab and his wife as adversaries of the divine message, serving as a lesson that those who persist in rejecting truth will never succeed in concealing it. Despite living for years after its revelation, Abu Lahab never renounced his opposition, thereby affirming the Qur’an’s truthfulness. The Surah establishes the principle that every individual is accountable for their own actions.

7. Al-Takwir (Shrouding in Darkness) – Surah 81, Place of Revelation: Makkah

Al-Takwir, the seventh revelation, is the 81st Surah in the traditional Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it has 29 Ayahs.

It vividly describes the events of the Last Day, when the natural order will collapse, and all of creation will face its end. There will be no second chance to amend one’s deeds. Its message is a powerful reminder for people to live with moral integrity and prepare for ultimate accountability.

8. Al-A‘la (The All-Highest) – Surah 87

Place of Revelation: Makkah

The eighth revelation was Surah Al-A‘la, the 87th chapter in the Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it has one Ruku with 19 Ayahs.

It glorifies the majesty and greatness of the Creator, urging believers to express gratitude to Him. It emphasizes that divine guidance is the true path to human progress, while its rejection leads only to stagnation. It also highlights the continuity of divine messages through successive prophets, calling humanity to follow this guidance for success in both this life and the Hereafter.

9. Al-Layl (The Night) – Surah 92

Place of Revelation: Makkah

The ninth revelation, Surah Al-Layl, is the 92nd Surah of the Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it contains one Ruku of 21 Ayahs.

This chapter presents the dual paths of life: the way of righteousness and generosity, or the way of denial and corruption. Each choice carries inevitable consequences. In continuity with the previous Surah, it clarifies that the outcomes of good and evil are vastly different, urging people to make conscious choices.

10. Al-Fajr (The Dawn) – Surah 89

Place of Revelation: Makkah

Al-Fajr, the tenth revelation, is the 89th Surah of the Qur’an. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of one Ruku with 30 Ayahs.

It teaches the principle of reward and punishment through references to past nations such as Pharaoh, Aad, and Thamud—societies destroyed for their arrogance and neglect of the vulnerable. The Surah warns against indulgence in luxury that distracts from God. It concludes with the vision of the nafs al-mutma’innah—the tranquil soul—invited to return to God and join the ranks of the righteous in eternal bliss.

11. Ad-Duḥā (The Bright Morning Light) – Surah 93

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 11

Ad-Duḥā was the eleventh revelation to the Prophet ﷺ and is placed as the 93rd chapter in the traditional arrangement of the Qur’an. It occurred during a period when revelation had briefly paused, and the Prophet felt a deep sense of distress. The Surah assures him that Allah has neither forsaken nor abandoned him, promising that the future will bring ease and joy. It reminds humanity that truth and divine guidance are always accessible to those who are sincere seekers. It also emphasizes compassion, urging people to care for the poor and orphans, assuring that generosity leads to divine blessings.

12. Ash-Sharḥ (The Expansion of the Heart) – Surah 94

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 8

Ash-Sharḥ follows directly after Ad-Duḥā as the twelfth revelation. Found in the 94th place in the Qur’an, it reminds the Prophet ﷺ—and all believers—that every hardship is accompanied by ease. The Surah highlights resilience in the face of trials, instilling hope and steadfastness. It also conveys that acts of service to humanity and commitment to divine duty have lasting value, extending beyond one’s lifetime.

13. Al-‘Aṣr (Time) – Surah 103

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 3

This short but profound Surah is the thirteenth revelation and is placed as the 103rd chapter. It captures the essence of human history in just three verses: that mankind is in loss unless they live with faith, truthfulness, patience, and collective effort. It summarizes the formula for salvation—faith coupled with righteous action and perseverance.

14. Al-‘Ādiyāt (The Galloping Horses) – Surah 100

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 11

The fourteenth revelation, Al-‘Ādiyāt (traditionally the 100th Surah), uses vivid imagery of galloping horses in battle to highlight human heedlessness and ingratitude. It reflects the reckless lifestyle of the pre-Islamic Arabs and warns of accountability in the Hereafter, when hidden intentions and actions will be exposed.

15. Al-Kawthar (Abundance) – Surah 108

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 3

The fifteenth revelation and the shortest chapter in the Qur’an, Al-Kawthar, brings glad tidings to the Prophet ﷺ. Despite the hostility he faced, Allah promises him blessings and an abundance of good, symbolized in both spiritual and eternal forms. It assures that truth will prevail and that his opponents will be forgotten.

16. At-Takāthur (Rivalry in Worldly Increase) – Surah 102

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 8

The sixteenth revelation, traditionally Surah 102, criticizes humanity’s obsession with material wealth and worldly rivalry. It warns that such greed distracts from eternal truths and leads to destruction. The Surah urges reflection, reminding people that unchecked materialism creates inequality and ruins social harmony.

17. Al-Mā‘ūn (Small Kindnesses) – Surah 107

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 7

The seventeenth revelation, Al-Mā‘ūn, defines true faith as a lived reality expressed in kindness and compassion. It rebukes those who pray yet neglect social responsibility, particularly toward the poor and orphans. The Surah makes clear that faith without action is hypocrisy.

18. Al-Kāfirūn (The Deniers) – Surah 109

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 6

The eighteenth revelation, Al-Kāfirūn, firmly establishes the principle of religious freedom. It declares that there can be no compromise in matters of faith: truth cannot be mixed with falsehood. The Surah stands as a timeless declaration of monotheism and respect for boundaries in worship.

19. Al-Fīl (The Elephant) – Surah 105

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The nineteenth revelation recalls the famous incident when an army, led by the Abyssinian ruler Abraha, attempted to destroy the Ka‘bah with elephants. Allah protected His sanctuary by sending birds to destroy the aggressors. The Surah reminds believers that divine protection is always present for those who safeguard truth.

20. Al-Falaq (The Daybreak) – Surah 113

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The twentieth revelation seeks refuge in Allah from external evils—darkness, sorcery, and envy. It teaches believers to rely on divine protection against unseen and harmful forces. Together with the next Surah (An-Nās), it forms a pair of daily supplications against harm.

21. An-Nās (Humankind) – Surah 114

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 6

Revealed immediately after Al-Falaq, An-Nās exposes the inner, whispering evil of Shayṭān that tempts humans away from truth. It calls upon believers to seek Allah’s refuge as the ultimate protector of humanity—Lord, King, and God—against all hidden evils.

22. Al-Ikhlāṣ (Sincerity in Faith) – Surah 112

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 4

The twenty-second revelation, Al-Ikhlāṣ, is a concise yet complete declaration of monotheism. It defines Allah as One, eternal, and beyond human attributes, such as parenthood or dependency. This Surah is considered the essence of the Qur’anic message of tawḥīd (oneness of God).

23. An-Najm (The Star) – Surah 53

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 62

The twenty-third revelation describes the Prophet’s spiritual ascension (Mi'raj), during which he experienced a profound closeness with Allah. It challenges the Quraysh to acknowledge the Qur’an as divine revelation, not human invention. The Surah also rejects false beliefs, such as angels being Allah’s daughters, and stresses accountability.

24. ‘Abasa (He Frowned) – Surah 80

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 42

The twenty-fourth revelation addresses an incident in which the Prophet frowned at a blind man seeking guidance while engaging with leaders of Quraysh. It teaches that divine guidance is for all people equally, regardless of status. The Surah emphasizes personal responsibility: those who accept guidance will benefit, while those who reject it will face consequences.

25. Al-Qadr (The Night of Destiny) – Surah 97

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The twenty-fifth revelation glorifies the Night of Power, when the Qur’an was first revealed. It describes this night as better than a thousand months and a turning point for humanity’s destiny. The Surah highlights the majesty of revelation and its transformative power.

26. Ash-Shams (The Sun) – Surah 91

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 15

The twenty-sixth revelation draws attention to the natural world—the sun, moon, and earth—as signs of divine order. It explains that human success depends on self-purification, while corruption leads to ruin. It warns against denying knowledge and the holy truth.

27. Al-Burūj (The Constellations) – Surah 85

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 22

The twenty-seventh revelation speaks of the persecution of believers throughout history. It reassures them that their sacrifices will not go in vain, while oppressors will face punishment. The Surah also draws attention to the eternal preservation of the Qur’an on the “Well-Guarded Tablet.”

28. At-Tīn (The Fig) – Surah 95

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 8

The twenty-eighth revelation reflects on the dignity of human creation, endowed with intellect and potential. Yet many degrade themselves by rejecting faith. The Surah contrasts those who uphold truth and righteousness with those who ignore divine guidance.

29. Quraysh – Surah 106

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 4

The twenty-ninth revelation uses the example of the Quraysh tribe, who were honored as guardians of the Ka‘bah and enjoyed security in trade. It calls upon them to recognize Allah as their Sustainer and worship Him alone, instead of relying solely on worldly privilege.

30. Al-Qāri‘ah (The Striking Calamity) – Surah 101

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 11

The thirtieth revelation graphically describes the Day of Judgment, when mountains will crumble, and humanity will scatter like moths. It emphasizes that only those with righteous deeds will succeed, while those with empty lives will face ruin.

31. At-Tākathur (The Rivalry of Wealth) – Surah 102

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 8At-Tākathur, the thirty-first revelation (traditionally the 102nd chapter), criticizes humanity’s obsession with rivalry in wealth and worldly possessions. It reveals how greed can blind people to eternal truths, reducing life to a competition for material gain. The Surah warns that neglecting one's higher purpose will lead to regret on the Day of Judgment, when everyone will be held accountable for even the smallest blessings they ignored.

32. Al-Qāri‘ah (The Striking Calamity) – Surah 101

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 11

This thirty-second revelation graphically portrays the Day of Judgment, when people will scatter as moths and mountains will turn into fluffy wool. It stresses that salvation depends on the weight of one’s deeds: those whose scales are heavy with good will live in eternal bliss, while those with empty scales will face an abyss of punishment.

33. Al-Fīl (The Elephant) – Surah 105)

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The thirty-third revelation recalls the year of the Prophet’s birth, when Abraha’s army, accompanied by elephants, marched to destroy the Ka‘bah. Allah defended His sanctuary by sending flocks of birds that carried stones, which destroyed the invaders. The Surah serves as a reminder that Allah’s protection surrounds His chosen house and His chosen mission.

34. Quraysh – Surah 106

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 4

This thirty-fourth revelation, immediately following Al-Fīl, addresses the Quraysh tribe, who were privileged as custodians of the Ka‘bah. Their trade routes and protection came only through Allah’s blessings, and the Surah urges them to worship Him alone in gratitude.

35. Al-Mā‘ūn (The Small Kindnesses) – Surah 107

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 7

The thirty-fifth revelation exposes hypocrisy: those who outwardly perform rituals but neglect justice, compassion, and charity. True religion requires not just prayer but also service to orphans, the poor, and society. Faith without kindness is condemned as hollow.

36. Al-Kawthar (The Abundance) – Surah 108

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 3

This short but powerful thirty-sixth revelation comforts the Prophet ﷺ after his enemies mocked him for not having sons. Allah promises him Kawthar—abundant blessings in this world and the Hereafter. The Surah assures that truth will flourish while the Prophet’s enemies will be cut off and forgotten.

37. Al-Kāfirūn (The Disbelievers) – Surah 109

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 6

The thirty-seventh revelation establishes a principle of religious freedom and clear distinction in worship: “For you your religion, and for me mine.” It rejects compromise with falsehood, emphasizing that truth and monotheism cannot be mixed with idolatry.

38. An-Naṣr (The Divine Help) – Surah 110

Revealed in: Madinah | Verses: 3

This thirty-eighth revelation, though short, is historically significant. Revealed toward the end of the Prophet’s life, it foretells the victory of Islam and the mass conversion of people into the faith. It also subtly signals the Prophet’s approaching mission’s completion, instructing him to glorify and seek forgiveness from Allah.

39. Al-Masad (The Palm Fiber) – Surah 111

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The thirty-ninth revelation condemns Abu Lahab, one of the fiercest enemies of the Prophet ﷺ, and his wife, who opposed Islam with hatred and mockery. Their eternal punishment is declared, showing that lineage and status cannot protect a person from divine justice.

40. Al-Ikhlāṣ (The Sincerity) – Surah 112

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 4

The fortieth revelation is one of the most important theological declarations in the Qur’an. It defines Allah’s essence: One, Eternal, without beginning or end, neither born nor giving birth, beyond all comparison. It is considered equal to one-third of the Qur’an in meaning.

41. Al-Falaq (The Daybreak) – Surah 113

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The forty-first revelation seeks Allah’s protection against external harms—darkness, envy, sorcery, and evil in all forms. It serves as a spiritual safeguard against dangers that lie beyond human control.

42. An-Nās (Humankind) – Surah 114

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 6

The forty-second revelation complements Al-Falaq, but its focus is inward. It calls believers to seek refuge in Allah from the whisperings of Shayṭān, who tempts hearts with doubts and distractions. Together, these two Surahs form the daily supplications for spiritual protection.

43. Al-Fajr (The Dawn) – Surah 89

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 30

The forty-third revelation warns oppressors by recalling past nations (like ‘Ād and Pharaoh) destroyed for their arrogance. It reminds humans that worldly power is temporary. The Surah ends with a tender promise to the faithful soul: “Enter My Paradise.”

44. Ad-Ḍuḥā (The Morning Light) – Surah 93

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 11

The forty-fourth revelation reassures the Prophet ﷺ during a difficult time when revelation paused. Allah promises him future joy and reminds him of past blessings. It also commands believers to care for orphans and the needy, demonstrating gratitude through acts of kindness.

45. Ash-Sharḥ (The Expansion) – Surah 94

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 8The forty-fifth revelation complements Ad-Ḍuḥā. It reminds the Prophet that hardship often precedes ease and instructs him to remain steadfast in worship and service. The Surah inspires believers to rise above difficulties with faith and perseverance.

46. At-Tīn (The Fig) – Surah 95

Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 8

The forty-sixth revelation reflects on human dignity: created in the best form but capable of falling to the lowest depths if they reject faith. The Surah emphasizes accountability, offering eternal reward to those who uphold the truth and righteousness.

47. Al-‘Alaq (The Clot) – Surah 96, Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 19

The forty-seventh revelation revisits the opening verses of the Qur’an—“Read in the name of your Lord.” It emphasizes knowledge, creation, and the arrogance of those who oppose divine truth. The Surah stresses that true honor lies in humility before Allah.

48. Al-Qadr (The Night of Power) – Surah 97, Revealed in: Makkah | Verses: 5

The forty-eighth revelation celebrates Laylat al-Qadr, the night when the Qur’an was first revealed. It describes this night as “better than a thousand months,” a moment of mercy, peace, and destiny.

49. Al-Bayyina (The Clear Proof) – Surah 98

Revealed in: Madinah | Verses: 8

The forty-ninth revelation distinguishes between true believers and those who deny. It emphasizes that salvation comes through sincere worship and righteous action, not through claims of heritage or ritual alone. The Surah highlights that the Prophet was sent as the “clear proof” to guide humanity.

50. Az-Zalzalah (The Earthquake) – Surah 99

Revealed in: Madinah | Verses: 8The fiftieth revelation paints a vivid picture of the Day of Judgment, when the earth will reveal all its secrets. Every small deed, whether good or bad, will be accounted for. It serves as a final warning about responsibility for one’s actions.

51. Yunus (Jonah) (10), Makkah

The 51st Surah Yunus was revealed to the Prophet and is the 10th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah and has 109 Ayah spread over 11 Ruku. The Surah describes the purpose of divine guidance as enabling people to achieve peace in their internal and external lives. It lays open the path to peace by following the religious advice given in the Quran by the Almighty and All-Wise. His guidance is an act of mercy upon his creation. Humanity can find a solution to its human-made problems in divine guidance. History is a testament to the fact that whenever divine guidance prevails, accompanied by sincere intentions and appropriate actions, Allah's help is forthcoming. However, when human beings follow their path, neglecting divine guidance, they cause havoc for themselves. Their self-inflicted calamities occur because of their deviations.

52. Hud (11), Makkah

Hud is the 52nd Surah revealed upon the Prophet and is the 11th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it comprises 123 Ayahs and ten Rukus. The Surah refers to the Prophets Noah, Salih, Hud, Lot, Shuaib, and Moses. It explains that when people reject the divine message and ridicule the messengers, they invite divine punishment for their actions and behavior. The consequences of one's deeds are faced by the people regardless of their status, birth, family, or ethnic ties. It invites people to reflect on their actions and seek forgiveness for any deviations. It urges people to demonstrate perseverance in their life journey and perform good deeds to make this life better. It explains that the elite's denial of truth should not prevent the believers from sharing the people's guidance.

53. Yusuf (Joseph) (12), Makkah

Yusuf is the 53rd Surah revealed upon the Prophet. In the traditionally arranged Quran, it is the 12th Surah. It was revealed in Makkah and consists of 111 Ayahs in 12 Rukus. It testifies to all the messengers' character's integrity and reminds people that the Creator chose them based on their character's strength, deeply rooted in Allah's trust. It narrates the story of Prophet Joseph, who suffered betrayal after betrayal from his family, captors, adopted family, and prisoners with whom he shares a prison cell. Yet, he remained committed to divine guidance, ultimately triumphing. It states that the strength of character is the foundation for overcoming all odds.

54. Al-Hijr (15) Makkah

Al-Hijr is the 54th Surah according to the order of revelation, and it is the 15th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah and has 99 Ayah divided into six Ruku. It repeats the Quran's foundational message on the purity and sincerity of the Quran. It refers to the people's initial response to divine guidance, which has often led to the rejection of humanity's heavenly call for unity. It invites people to seek forgiveness from God for their negligence. It draws people's attention to the fate of Prophet Lot and Shuaib's communities, who suffered for their deviations and inability to seek forgiveness from Allah.

55. Al-An'am (The Cattle) (6), Makkah

Al-An'am is the 6th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it is the 55th Surah revealed to the Prophet. It was revealed in Makkah and consists of 165 Ayahs in 20 Rukus. It explains the universal features of Islam and emphasizes its monotheistic nature. Never in the history of humanity had Allah given a message justifying polytheism. People were the ones who invented polytheism due to a lack of better judgment and clarity of ideas. Monotheism on truth would ultimately prevail. One of the leading causes for people to reject faith in Allah's oneness is their arrogance that causes ungratefulness and leads to rejecting Allah and replacing him with self-idols.

56. As Saffat (Those ranked in Ranks) (37), Makkah

As-Saffat is the 56th Surah revealed upon the Prophet and is the 37th in the chronologically arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it comprises 182 Ayahs in 11 Rukus. It is the first Surah of the Quran that starts with an oath. Its focus is on the origin of human beings, their death, and resurrection, and it dwells upon the consequences of one's actions in this life and the hereafter. It gives admonitions to people, warns them of dire consequences if they do not adhere to divine guidance.

57. Luqman (31), The 57th Surah, Luqman, is revealed that upon the Prophet is the 31st Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it has 34 Ayah in four Ruku. It establishes the principle of learning from those who are wise and whose message is rooted in monotheism. It asks people to learn from Luqman's example, a wise man who asked his son to remain steadfast in monotheism. It repeats the message given in many previous Surahs that one's belief in God is the key to social success. It warns people to protect them from the deceptive nature of things that often present themselves as applicable.

58. Saba' (Sheba) (34), Makkah

Saba is the 34th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was the 58th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah, it has 54 Ayah in six Ruku. It establishes the principle of assuming responsibility for one's actions. It reminds people that those who lead them astray will be the first to acknowledge their mistakes. It narrates the story of King David, Solomon, and Queen Sheba. It elaborates on the concepts of monotheism, the prophethood, and the Day of Judgment, and it reminds people that a materialistic lifestyle will not benefit human beings.

59. Az-Zumar (The Throngs) (39), Makkah

This is the 59th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is numbered 59th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it comprises 75 Ayahs and eight Rukus. It reminds people to trust in Allah's guidance, which will free them from despair and hopelessness. It reasserts the uniqueness of monotheism and advises people to understand the dangers of polytheism. It assures them that the Creator of the Universe is Allah. If the believers in him have difficulty practicing their religion, they can migrate to another land where they can live without compromising their faith. It tells the rejecters of God that they cannot persuade believers to renounce their faith. It reassures humanity that Allah's mercy is for all.

60. Al-Ghafir (Forgiving) (40), Makkah

Al-Ghafir is the 40th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and in the chronological order of revelation, it numbers 60th. It has 85 Ayah in nine Ruku. It is one of the seven Surah that begins with the word Ha-Mim. The others are HaMim al-Sajdah, al-Shura, al-Zukhruf, al-Dukhan, al-Jathiyah, and al-Ahqaf. Its central theme is that false pride prevents humans from accepting the truth. It invites believers to share the divine message with the rest of humanity, reminding them of the purity of monotheism and explaining the dangers of polytheism. It asks people to learn from history, especially the history of those who lived under Pharaoh's rule. It tells them that repentance is open to all, but it will not be accepted once the judgment is passed.

61. Fussilat (Closely Spelled Out) (41)

Fussilat is the 61st Surah revealed upon the Prophet and came as the 41st Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it has 54 Ayah spread out in six Ruku. It reminds people that an idea is best understood when presented through deeds and actions. In other words, divine guidance would become relevant to people if its acts substantiated it. It discusses the benefits of religious teachings for individuals and asks them to reflect on the teachings of the Prophet as outlined in the Quran. It tells the rejecters of the faith that they cannot reduce the relevance and significance of the divine guidance by rejecting it. It also encourages people to be polite and humble in their discourse and to respond to evil with good, while inviting them to reflect on the truth.

62. Al-Shura (Consultation) (42), Makkah

The 42nd Surah, Ash-Shura, in the traditionally arranged Quran is the 62nd Surah revealed to the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 53 Ayahs and five Rukus. It focuses on the concept of divine guidance's continuity throughout human history. There has never been a period or community in human history that did not have the opportunity to receive divine guidance through the messengers selected by Allah. These messengers reminded the people of life after this worldly life, where God would judge each based on their performance. It also asks people to avoid significant sins as the best way to prepare for the next life. It also advises people to consult with one another in their affairs. In another world, no single individual can claim a monopoly on wisdom.

63.Az-Zukhruf (Gold) (43), Makkah

Az-Zukhruf is the 63rd Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is the 43rd Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It has 89 Ayah and nine Ruku. It encourages people to take divine revelation seriously, as it improves their lives in both this world and the next. It reminds people that a materialistic lifestyle would not help them in life after death, as they would leave everything behind. I ask people to avoid polytheism and blind following and inform people that if they do not remain connected with the divine message, Satanic ideas might influence them. It brings glad tidings to believers who will receive rewards from the Lord for their steadfastness and faith in Him.

64. Ad-Dukhan (Smoke) (44) Makkah

Ad-Dukhan is the 44th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran and is the 64th Surah revealed to the Prophet. It is one of the seven Surahs that have Ha Meem in their beginning. Revealed in Makkah, it comprises 59 Ayahs and 3 Rukus. The Surah reminds people that their actions would have consequences, and wrongdoings would earn punishment. It introduces the Quran as a book that discerns right from wrong and warns people of the impact of their wrongdoings on their own lives. It reassures believers of generous rewards awaiting them in the life hereafter.

65. Al-Jathiyah (Kneeling Down) (45), Makkah

Al-Jathiyah is the 65th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it occurs as the 45th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 37 Ayah and four Rukū'. It points to a historical reality that human beings have often acted arrogantly, thus committing sins against God and harming people. However, Allah is watchful of every human being's actions and would hold them accountable on the Day of Judgment. It warns people not to act as their own God because they would expose themselves to harm. It tells people that no one can escape from divine judgment.

66. Al-Ahqaf (The Sand-Dunes) (46), Makkah

Al-Ahqaf is the 46th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it is the 66th Surah revealed to the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah and has 35 Ayahs spread in four sections. It is the last in the list of seven Surah that begin with Ha Meem. With examples from the people of Aad and Thamud, who had rejected divine guidance in the past, the Surah draws people's attention to their fate if they behave the same way. It leaves the notion that anyone other than Allah is capable of inventing things. It alludes to the fact that people can discover Allah's laws to make things, but they cannot create those rules and regulations. It warns people of the consequences of their rejection.

67. Adh-Dhariyat (The Dust-Scattering Winds) (51), Makkah

Adh-Dhariyat is the 67th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it numbers 51 in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 60 Ayah and 3 Rukū. It references the people and times of Prophets Ibrahim, Lot, Moses, Saleh, Shuaib, and Noah. It asks the contemporaries of Prophet Muhammad and those who would come after them to learn from the past to clarify their position on divine guidance. It acknowledges the efforts that Prophet Muhammad made in establishing a community to serve Allah and informs the believers that falsehood will not prevail because righteous people are now in command.

68. Surah al-Ghashiyah (The Overshadowing Event) (88), Makkah

Al-Ghashiyah is the 88th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it was the 68th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah, it has 26 Ayah and one Ruku. It elaborates on the idea of the end of time. It suggests that human beings will either be sad once they realize they did not utilize their time to do good, or be happy as people recognize that the good they did in the world is being acknowledged and accepted by their Creator. It also asks people to learn from Allah's signs presented in the physical universe and communicate it to the people. It reminds them that religion cannot be imposed upon people because it relies on their inner voice with self-decision.

69. Al-Kahf (The Cave) (18, Makkah

Al-Kahf is the 69th Surah revealed upon the Prophet and numbers 18 in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was revealed in Makkah, and it consists of 110 Ayahs and 12 Rukus. This Surah is complete of historical references to the Cave people, Gog and Magog, the pious king Dhul Qarnain, and Prophet Moses and his teacher. Through narrating their stories, the Surah invites people to draw certain conclusions. Some of them are listed here. Allah's message always finds a place in good hearts. Those who are grateful to Allah would be recognized and rewarded. A mundane life would not help people on the Last Day of Judgment. Knowledge is a process of discovery, and even with all discovery, the decision stays with the Creator. Finally, what often appears is not what is real.

70. An-Nahl (The Bee) (16), Makkah

An-Nahl is the 16th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was the 70th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah and has 128 Ayah and 16 Ruku. It and six other Surahs, i.e., Yunus, Yusuf, Al Ra'd, Ibrahim, and Hijr) were revealed one after another just before the migration to Medina. It draws people's attention to the physical world and everything created in the cosmos. It asks people to use their rational faculties to conclude that it is one God who is the Creator of all; hence, human beings should not credit themselves for owning and controlling this world. They should remember their limitations and be grateful for the bounties and blessings of Allah. It also reasserts the ultimate reality that every human soul would be answerable to Allah for every action it led. It emphasizes the universal character of the divine guidance. It rejects the notion that people can declare things forbidden or permitted, as God alone has that authority. It acknowledges the Prophet Ibrahim's contribution in laying the foundation for monotheism in an organized and structured manner.

71. Nooh (Noah) (71), Makkah

Nooh is one of those few Surahs whose order of the revelation and the traditional Quran arrangement are the same. Revealed in Makkah, it is the 71st Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is the 71st in its current configuration. It has 28 Ayah and 2 Ruku. It reminds people of the true story of Prophet Noah and the great flood. It explains his struggles in delivering the message and facing stiff opposition and rejection among his family members. It narrates the ridicule and humiliation people hurled upon him and teaches that the truth never fails.

72. Ibrahim (Abraham) (14), Makkah

Ibrahim is the 72nd Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is numbered 14th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it has 52 Ayahs and 7 Rukus and is one of the last Surahs revealed to the Prophet. It gives details of the prayers that Prophet Ibrahim made in establishing the House of God in Makkah. It reminds people of the sacrifices and leadership of Mother Hajira and her son Ismail in living the mission of Prophet Ibrahim. It acknowledges a historical fact that, at the initial stage of their mission, all the messengers of God faced tough times, as people laughed at their claims and rejected their ideas that challenged the status quo. Their people killed many and ostracized others, but none changed or compromised on the divine guidance. It pays tribute to the sacrifices of all who stood for truth. It assures people that determined, morally healthy people would ultimately defeat the Satanic forces.

73. Al-Anbiya' (The Prophets) (21), Makkah

Al-Anbiya is one of those Surahs not named after any word in its text. It is the 73rd Surah revealed upon the Prophet and the 21st in the traditionally arranged Quran. It has a Makkan origin and comprises 112 Ayahs in seven Ruku. It revolves around the theme of Allah's uniqueness. Humans cannot be God or God-like, and God will never be human or human life. It refutes the argument of those who claim that humans cannot deliver divine guidance. Even if God comes down on earth in person, the people will reject him. It also refutes the idea that life is purposeless, and human beings can use it for their entertainment and playful objectives. It explains the purpose of life and asserts that not only would righteousness inherit the earth, but they would also replace idol worship as was done by Prophet Ibrahim.

74. Al-Mu' minun (The Believers) (73), Makkah

Al-Muminun is the 74th Surah revealed to the Prophet, and it is the 23rd in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah and has 118 Ayah and six Ruku. It focuses on sharing the divine guidance with the people and accepting the authenticity of the Prophet Muhammad. It defines some of the characteristics of believers and places a high value on morality. It reminds people that the message shared by Prophet Muhammad is the same as that shared by previous messengers. It describes Prophets as one body or one team dedicated to the same mission and purpose. It negates the idea that wealth can purchase righteousness and reminds people that Allah is the Creator of everything in the universe.

75. As-Sajdah (Prostration) (32), Makkah

As-Sajdah is the 32nd Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it is the 75th Surah revealed to the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 30 Ayah and 3 Rukū. It invites people to use their rationality to reach the conclusion that there is one Creator of this universe who wants every creation to earn His blessings by accepting the guidance that He regularly sends down through His chosen messengers. He would hold everyone accountable for that message. It hopes that rational thinking would lead people out of the darkness of their ideas. It refers to the story of Prophet Moses and asks people to learn from it to improve their chances of success. It also makes a clear distinction between a believer and a non-believer.

76. At-Tur (Mount Sinai) (52), Makkah

At-Tur is the 76th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is the 52nd in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was revealed in Makkah and consists of 49 Ayahs and two Rukus. It refutes the claims of non-believers about Prophet Muhammad and rejects their accusations against him. It also denies the argument of non-believers that Prophet Muhammad was under the spell of some magician or was promoting a new style of poetry. It also brings comfort to the Prophet and, through him, to all the believers, that their efforts will not be in vain and that Allah will ensure the truth prevails and falsehood is dispelled.

77. Al-Mulk (Dominion) (67), Makkah

Al-Mulk, the 67th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, is the 77th Surah revealed to the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 30 Ayah and two Rukus. It describes the cycle of life and death as part of the divine scheme that enables people to learn their strength through doing good things. It also draws people's attention to the creation in the universe and asks them to ponder the balance in everything. It reminds them that everything belongs to God, and He alone is the judge and master; everyone will be held accountable for their actions.

78. Al-Haqqah (The Laying-Bare of the Truth) (69), Makkah

Al-Haqqa is the 78th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it occurs as the 69th Surah in the Quran. It is revealed in Makkah and consists of 52 Ayahs and two Rukus. Referring to historical events during Prophet Noah, Moses, Shuaib, and Saleh, the Surah reminds the people that those who rejected divine guidance failed. Those who deny it in the present would also not succeed in the present. It also explains that the purpose of the message given by the Prophet is to ensure that human beings become free from the yoke of slavery imposed upon them by human beings not different from them. It asks people to take their lives into their own hands by rejecting false idols who are of no use to anyone.

79. Al-Ma'arij (The Ways of Ascent) (70), Makkah

Al-Maarij is the 70th one in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it was the 79th one revealed about the Prophet. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 44 Ayahs and two Rukus. It revolves around the idea of resurrection and confirms that it is an event that would undoubtedly take place, and those who deny it would suffer the consequences of their denial. It reminds people that a good character has no substitute, and those who follow divine guidance to live a pure and humble life with a firm belief in God will be immensely rewarded by the Lord.

80. An-Naba' (The Tiding) (78), Makkah

An-Naba is the 80th Surah revealed to the Prophet, and it is numbered 78th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 40 Ayah in two Rukus. It refers to the debate among people on the issue of the end of time and informs people that, regardless of when it would come, either sooner or later, people should prepare themselves for it. It reassures people that they will assemble at one place to be held accountable for their actions. It imagines the condition of those who rejected faith in this world by alluding to their statements on the Day of Judgment that they wished they were mere dust

81. An-Nazi'at (Those that Rise) (79), Makkah

An-Naziat is the 81st Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it appears as the 79th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It is a Makki Surah, and it comprises 46 Ayah spread in two Ruku. It focuses on affirming the truth, the resurrection of human beings, and life after death. It alludes to the fact that worldly life determines how everyone will be in their new place after the resurrection judgment. It refers to the story of Prophet Moses and his struggle against Pharaoh. It warns people against an arrogant attitude.

82. Al-Infitar (The Cleaving Asunder) (82), Makkah

Al-Infitar is the 82nd Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is also the 82nd in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it has 19 Ayah and one Ruku. Its theme is resurrection. It prompts human beings to reevaluate their understanding of their purpose and role in life. If they believe that life has no meaning and are free to do whatever they want, their lives will not prove worthy for them or others. If they think it has a purpose, and divine guidance enables a person to achieve that purpose, then the resurrection would enrich their new phase of life. It reminds people that everything they do in this world is in Allah's purview, and humans cannot deny it.

83. Al-Inshiqaq (The Splitting Asunder) (84), Makkah

In order of revelation, Al-Inshiqaq is the 83rd Surah, and in its arrangement in the Quran, it is the 84th Surah. It has 25 Ayah and one Ruku. It describes the end time. It reminds human beings that their actions are secure, and justice is absolute on the day of judgment. If they were right in this life, they would enter a comfortable phase of their new existence; if wrong, they would become stagnant and face the consequences. It invites people to reflect on the Quranic message of God's oneness.

84. Ar-Rum (The Byzantines) (30), Makkah

Ar-Rum is the 84th Surah revealed in the Quran, and it is the 30th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Makkah, it consists of 60 Ayah and six Rukū'. It explains the philosophy of the rise and fall of nations. It tells us that the conditions do not always stay the same. Changes take place continually. Those in power often lose their influence, while those who were previously powerless may gain power. It predicts the victory of the Romans, who had defeated the Persians. It also establishes the principle that faith does not isolate its believers from the happenings around them. It tells people to reflect on the process of creation and learn from nature. It discusses the importance of establishing justice and practicing charity. It encourages people to respect the institution of family and incorporate love and compassion into family relations. The spouses help each other overcome their weaknesses rather than competing to prove their superiority over one another. Ultimately, it serves as a reminder of the day of judgment.

85. Al-'Ankabut (The Spider) (29), Makkah

Al-Ankabut is the 85th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and in the traditionally arranged Quran, it appears as the 29th Surah. It is revealed in Makkah and consists of 69 Ayahs and seven Rukus. Life is not always a bed of roses. Human beings go through ups and downs in life—those who have faith in Allah face and have faced trials in their times. The followers of Prophet Muhammad should not be afraid of going through such trials. It would strengthen them and prepare them to deal with such trials effectively. Ultimately, they are the ones who will overcome such hardships because non-believers and those who deny the truth will suffer the consequences of their actions.

86. Al-Mutaffifin (Those who give short measures) (83). Makkah

The 83rd Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran is the 86th Surah revealed to the Prophet. It was the last Surah revealed in Makkah, and it has 36 Ayah and one Ruku. It establishes the principle that faith covers all aspects of life. One cannot be a true believer if one's entire life is not guided by it. It refers to business practices and warns of dishonesty in trade relations, highlighting the potential consequences. It explains that justice will prevail, and if people manage to deceive others in this world for their wrongs, they will face judgment in the life hereafter.

87. Al-Baqarah (The Cow) (2), Medina

The 87th Surah revealed upon the Prophet is Al-Baqarah and is the second Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it is the longest Surah in the Quran. It has 286 Ayah divided into 40 Ruku. It is the first one to be revealed in Medina, addressing issues related to the emerging society, including law, morality, economy, polity, interfaith relations, and the security of citizens. It speaks of three categories of people: genuine believers, conscious rejecters of the faith, and the hypocrites. Those who genuinely believe in divine guidance follow it. Those who reject faith consciously will never accept the truth because, in their mind, they have the conviction that they were right. The hypocrites watch the situation and move in either direction, depending on their interests. It narrates the story of the beginning of humanity and refers to the hate and arrogance of Satan toward divine guidance. It assures people that the advice sent through messengers will show them the right path. It refers to the Jews' covenant with God, whereby they are expected to live their lives according to divine teachings. It explains how Jews broke the covenant. It describes the process of creating a House of Worship for worshiping one God. It also focuses on family matters and transparency in one's dealings with others. It asks people to be truthful to their vows, and it draws attention to the past when the divine message was altered and edited to suit the interests of those in power. It emphasizes establishing a society free from usury, exploitation, and oppression.

88. Al-Anfal (Spoils of War) (8), Medina

Al-Anfal is the 88th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. It appears as the eighth Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Medina, in the second year of migration and after the battle, it has 75 Ayah divided in 10 Ruku. It advises believers to maintain good interpersonal relations and explains the rules of engagement between Muslims and others. It refers to the wealth and resources that the enemies of Muslims left behind after the battles. It provides a rationale for just war, and it demands steadfastness from those who are among believers. It also provides guidance on the treatment of prisoners of war. It reminds people that obedience to God and the Prophet is a fundamental part of the faith, and believers must always be prepared to sacrifice everything for the truth. Justice is the essence of faith, and Muslims must be the seekers of justice for themselves and others. Defending the neglected and the poor is the responsibility of Muslims.

89. Surah 'Al 'Imran (The House of Imran) (3), Medina

In the traditionally arranged Quran, Al-Imran is the third Surah, but it is the 89th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina. It is one of those Surahs that came in phases. Revealed in Medina, and it has 200 Ayah and 20 Ruku. It refers to the struggles of Prophets Moses and Aaron and narrates the story of Mary and Prophet Jesus. The Surah offers a critique of Christian religious thoughts concerning monotheism and the institution of prophethood. It delves into details on some of Islam's pillars, such as Monotheism, Salat, Zakat, and Hajj. It warns against usury. It also defines Jihad in its most complete meaning. It urges the community of believers to remain vigilant and never neglect living in accordance with divine guidance. It invites people of the book to agree on a minimum plan to serve God. It refutes the Christian idea of the divinity of Jesus. It also urges believers to care for the poor and the neglected in the world, reminding Muslims that they are not a sect but bearers of a universal message sent to benefit every human being.

90. Al-Ahzab (The Confederates) (33), Medina

Al-Ahzab is the 90th Surah revealed upon the Prophet and the 33rd in the traditionally arranged Quran. It has 73 Ayah spread out in nine sections. It refers to some of the social issues that Medina's changing society was facing after the introduction of Islam. It raises the hijab of women, marriage traditions, children's adoption, and the place of sincerity in establishing a just society. It asks humanity to learn from the Prophet's character, who is a role model for all. It sets the principle of equality of men and women in Allah's eyes and reassures the people that gender does not discriminate against any human in the divine scheme. Men and women are both created by Allah, and he equally blesses them.

91. Al-Mumtahinah (The Examined One) (60), Medina

Al-Mumtahinah is the 60th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was the 91st Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, after the peace treaty between Muslims and the non-believers of Makkah at the site of Hudaybiyah, it has 13 Ayah and 2 Ruku. It is the 91st Surah in the chronology of the descent. It reminds Muslims that their faith is a gift from the Prophet Muhammad, bestowed upon them by the Creator of the universe. It should not be contaminated or mixed with messages that claim to be divine, yet contain elements designed to secure the interests of power elites. In matters of faith, guidance comes only from God. However, it advises believers to maintain healthy and normal relations with those who do not subscribe to their ideas.

92. Anl-Nisa' (Women) (4), Medina

An-Nisa is the 92nd Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it occurs as the fourth Surah in the Quran. Revealed in Medina, and it has 176 Ayah spread in 24 Ruku. It informs people about the process that enabled Muslims to develop an Islamic society in Medina, explains the theology in terms similar to those of Jews, Christians, and polytheists, and inspires them to share their faith with others. It establishes rules for strengthening family ties and defines roles for men and women in society, as well as for husbands and wives within a family. It describes the laws of inheritance. It challenges the practice of treating women as property and asserts that they are human beings with equal rights, including the right to own property. It challenges believers to strive for justice for all. It urges them to respect human life. It warns against the designs of hypocrites and those who want to disturb social peace. It also defines rules for making ablution before prayers and shortening prayers during travel. It brings glad tidings to believers and assures them that their reward is with the Lord of the universe.

93. Al-Zilzal (The earthquake) (99) , Medina

In the traditionally arranged Quran, Al-Zilzal is the 99th Surah, and in the chronology of revelation, it is the 93rd. Revealed has eight ayahs in one Ruku. It focuses on the day of judgment and assures human beings that ultimate justice will come then. Every action would be out in the open, and those who did well would get rewarded, and those who were evil would be punished.

94. Al-Hadid (Iron) (57) , Medina

Al-Hadid is the 94th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. In the traditionally arranged Quran, it appears as the 57th Surah. Revealed in Medina, it has 29 Ayah divided into four Ruku. Its central theme is the security of the citizens' safety in the state of Medina, which was under constant attack by non-believers. It reminds people of this world's short and delusional life and asks them to prepare themselves for the life hereafter, which will be permanent and everlasting. It describes justice as the cornerstone of the Prophetic mission and encourages the believers to do well in this life to earn a better life in the Hereafter.

95. Muhammad (47), Medina

Surah Muhammad is the 47th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it was the 95th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it has 38 Ayah in four Ruku. It encourages believers to remain steadfast in their faith and strive to establish divine guidance in their personal, family, and social lives. It assures the believers that they will be the ultimate winners as falsehood will disappear because truth cannot be defeated.

96. Ar-Ra'd (Thunder) (12), Medina

Ar-Rad is the 13th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was the 96th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Even though there are two opinions on its place of origin. The dominant view suggests that it is of Mudinan origin. It has 43 Ayah in six Ruku—the universe and everything that exists point to the existence of God. Nature offers signs of God and his attributes. The faithful are those who understand the blessings as proof of God's presence and earn their passage into the eternal Garden of Eden. Those who refuse to learn from the divine signs ultimately harm themselves in the long run. But history offers enough evidence to suggest that truth is uncompromisable.

97. Ar-Rahman (The Most Gracious) (55), Medina

Ar-Rehman was the 97th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. It is the 55th Surah of the Quran. It is believed by a significant number of scholars to be the Madani Surah, although a few argue that it is Makkan. It has 78 Ayah in three Ruku. It provides a detailed description of the divine blessings and bounties bestowed upon human beings, informing people that they cannot deny any of these, as they are present everywhere and beneficial. It reminds human beings of their temporary existence and assures them of a life of comfort in the Hereafter if they did well in this worldly life.

98. al-Insan or Ad- Dahr (Human being or Time) (76). Medina

Al-Insan is the 76th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It was the 98th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it consists of 31 Ayah and 2 Rukū. It reminds human beings of their origin, explaining that they came into being from a non-entity, endowed with an identity and the faculties of analysis and observation. It asks them to make sure of these faculties to reach to the truth and live by it. It urges them to help those who are downtrodden, the poor, and the neglected ones to ensure justice and prosperity.

99. At-Talaq (Divorce) (65), Medina

At-Talaq is the 99th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it is the 65th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It is shown in Medina; it has 12 Ayah and 2 Ruku. This Surah focuses on divorce rules in cases where the husband and wife decide to separate after attempting reconciliation. It asks spouses to be mindful of each other's rights. It asks husbands explicitly to ensure that the divorce does not lead to denying the wife's rights assured by the Quran. These laws will make sense only if one believes in Allah and accepts the message delivered by the Prophet Muhammad.

100. Surah al-Bayyinah (The Evidence of the Truth) (98), Medina

At-Talaq is the 100th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Arranged as Surah 98 in the traditionally compiled Quran, and revealed in Medina, it has 8 Ayah in 1 Ruku. It revolves around the theme of the purity and clarity of the divine message given to humanity through the Prophet Muhammad. The purpose of the Quran is to guide human beings on the straight and right path and to avoid all actions that deviate from. It reasserts the genuineness of divine guidance and assures that God is the giver of wisdom and advice.

101. Al-Hashr (The Gathering) (59), Medina

Al-Hashr is the 101st Surah revealed upon the Prophet and the 59th in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Medina, it has 24 Ayah in three Ruku. It refers to the manipulations of hypocrites, and some non-Muslim tribes were involved in reducing Muslims to a non-entity in Medina. They were afraid of Muslims' growing influence and believed that their relevance would become marginal. They were also fearful of the divine guidance's clarity and worried that their youngsters might be drawn to it. It urges believers to remain steadfast, as God will not abandon them.

102. An-Nur (The Light) (24). Medina

An-Nur is the 24th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It is the 102nd Surah in the order of revelation. Revealed in Medina, it has 64 Ayahs in nine Rukus. It outlines the rules governing gender relations and communication. It also prescribes the dress code for men and women. It describes slander and rumor-mongering acts that destroy the sanctity of human society. It defines rules of privacy for both men and women. It even explains the manners of entering one's residence. It prescribes punishment for adultery. It demands the believers' total loyalty to the Prophet and the message he was sharing with society.

103. Al-Hajj (Pilgrimage) (22), Medina

Al-Hajj is the 103rd Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it appears as the 22nd Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It has 76 Ayas. It refers to resurrection, and its logical reasoning gives warnings to those who deny the Hereafter. It speaks about the struggles against idolaters and polytheists. It invites people to verify the instructive fate of those who passed away, and the painful Divine punishments sent down upon them. It discusses the Hajj pilgrimage and its historical context. It is also about the struggles against hostile invaders. It also advises on different life fields, encourages people to pray, offers almsgiving, and has trust and faith in Allah.

104. Al-Munafiqun (Hypocrites) (63), Medina

Al-Munafiqoon is the 63rd Surah of the traditionally arranged Quran. It is the 104th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it consists of 11 Ayah and two Rukus. It explains the dangers of hypocrisy and warns against it. It states that hypocrites create conditions for the destabilization of a moral society because, based on their personal or political interests, they harm sincere and upright individuals. It reminds believers to understand the true intentions of hypocrites and not to accept their leadership.

105. Al-Mujadalah (The Pleading) (58), Medina

Al-Mujadalah is he 58th Surah of the traditionally arranged Quran, and it is the 105th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it consists of 22 Ayahs divided into three Ruku and is a critique of social customs that defy logic and divine guidance. It specifically refers to an old tribal tradition where someone would refer to his wife as his mother and get rid of her without divorcing her. It was a custom to torture one's wife and treat her like a commodity at her husband's discretion. It warns against such a practice and, in a way, recommends that every social custom should be objectively evaluated in terms of its relevance to divine guidance. It also refers to the ill effects hypocrites bring upon society.

106. Al-Hujurat (Private Chambers) (49), Medina

Al-Hujurat is the 106th Surah revealed upon the Prophet, and it occurs as the 49th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Medina, it consists of 18 Ayah and 2 Rukū. It specifies the morals and manners necessary to build a peaceful and cohesive society. It also emphasized the importance of showing respect to leadership and following its guidance on family and social life. It reminds people that without showing respect to the Prophet, their commitment to God would remain incomplete.

107. At-Tahrim (Prohibition) (66), Medina

At-Tahrim is the 66th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It is the 107th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it has 12 Ayah and 2 Ruku. It emphasizes the importance of accepting Allah as the supreme lawgiver. He alone is the one who can declare things permitted and not permitted, or Halal and Haram. It also advises that the divine rules are applicable in every aspect of life, including conjugal relations. It tells that faith and God-consciousness must reflect their impact on family and public relations.

108. At-Taghabun (Loss and Gain) (64), Medina

At-Taghabun is the 64th in the traditionally arranged Quran, and it is the 108th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it consists of 18 Ayah and 2 Rukū. Its central theme is that everything created by Allah has a purpose. The divine guidance enables humans to understand their purpose in life and use other creations to promote righteousness. It alludes to the consequences of evil deeds and deviating from the spiritual path. It encourages believers to maintain pure intentions, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of their actions.

109. As-Saff (The Ranks) (61)

As-Saff is the 109th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it is the 61st Surah in the Quran. It has 14 Ayah in two Ruku. It emphasizes the strength of faith in countering the opposition and encourages believers to remain steadfast on the path of truth. It draws people's attention to Moses and Jesus's followers, who broke their covenant with God and suffered the consequences. It asks believers to remain hopeful of the support of Allah for their cause.

110. Al-Jumu'ah (The Congregation) (62) , Medina

Al-Jumah is the 62nd Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It is the 110th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. It was revealed in Medina, and it consists of 11 Ayah and two Rukus. It establishes the principle that knowledge without actions does not produce desired results. It refers to previous religious communities that were knowledgeable but had no lasting effects. It emphasizes the importance of Friday congregational prayers. It suggests that their sustenance is in Allah's hands, and the blessings would enable them to create an environment where they can earn subsistence from God in abundance.

111. Al-Fath (Victory) (48), Medina

Al-Fath is the 111th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. In the traditionally arranged Quran, it occurs as the 62nd Surah. Revealed in Medina, it consists of 29 Ayahs and four Rukus. It heralds the coming of a new world created under the Prophet's leadership based on divine guidance. It refers to the peace treaty of Hudaybiyah and describes it as the foundation for this victory. It exposes hypocrites and their false allegations. It recognizes the sacrifices made by believers in establishing a community and society based on the idea of submission to Allah, and it informs future generations of the struggle they must undertake to ensure the continuity of the success that occurred during the time of the Prophet and his companions.

112. Al-Ma'idah (The Repast) (5), Medina

Al-Maidah is the 5th Surah according to the arrangement of the Qur'an and 112th according to the order of revelation. It was revealed in Medina, and it consists of 120 Ayah and 16 Rukū'. It contains verse 5:3, which is said to be the last revelation given to the Prophet. It revolves around the theme that Allah's faith is complete and gives guidance to human beings. It refers to the movements led by Moses and Jesus to reveal the truth to their people. It urges Jews and Christians to be attentive to the message delivered by Prophet Muhammad, as it testifies to what was in the Torah and the Injeel. It reminds believers that justice is the essence of divine guidance, and they must persevere even if it goes against their own interests. It also invites people to create a human brotherhood and sisterhood, building a society based on love and compassion. It explains that the world created by the divine is for the benefit of human beings, and they attempt to explore it based on their rational faculties, rather than superstitions, false assumptions, and blind following. It also warns people of the ill effects of gambling, consuming intoxicants, and consuming food offered to deities and idols. Finally, it refutes the idea that Jesus was God or the son of God. He was a mighty messenger, and he delivered the divine message to the people known as Israelites, guiding them back onto the right path.

113. At-Tawbah (Repentance) (9)

At-Tawbah is the ninth Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. It is the 113th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. Revealed in Medina, it comprises 129 Ayahs and 16 Rukus. It is the only Surah in the Quran that starts without Bismillah hir Rahman ar Rahim, a sentence that precedes all the other 113 Surahs. It talks about the responses that become necessary when parties defy treaties and disregard established norms. It asks believers to respond to such elements with courage and determination. It asks them to confront hostility and hypocrisy with strong faith and face. It also reminds people to always guard the collective interests of the people.

114. An-Nasr (Succor) (110)

An-Nasr is the 114th Surah revealed upon the Prophet. It is the 110th Surah in the traditionally arranged Quran. Revealed in Medina, it has 3 Ayah in one Ruku. It encourages people to glorify the Lord and reminds them to be aware of the new responsibilities they will face with the influx of new believers. It asks them to always be in a state of humility, seeking divine guidance to remain committed to the idea of monotheism. It reasserts the divine attribute of accepting all those who understand that human beings may commit wrong, and it is God who forgives and provides protection. Thus, the message that began with a call to create a knowledge-based society and community concludes with showing gratitude to God and expressing humility after the success and establishment of the truth within the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad.